The drainback system was first introduced in a large scale back in the
1980’s. They have been proven very reliable and are more efficient than
the indirect glycol system. This is a non-pressurized closed loop
system using distilled water as the heat transfer fluid. A small drainback
reservoir is installed in the collector loop. When this system is
filled with water it is only filled to the top of reservoir. Since it
is located below the collectors, they remain dry when the pump is not
circulating. When the collectors are hotter than the water in storage,
the pump circulates the water in the reservoir through the collectors
where it is heated. The heat from this water is then transferred to the
solar storage tank through a heat exchanger located either in the
storage tank or drainback reservoir. When the collectors approach the
same temperature as the water in the storage tank or this water has
reached a preset temperature, the pump shuts off and all the water
drains back the reservoir. When there's not enough solar thermal energy to heat the storage tank the backup heating element automatically activates as a normal water heater.
Simple. Elegant. Efficient.
In most instances, a solar water heater will not take up much more space than your conventional water heater.